Global warming and strong winds: What led to the wildfires of Hawaii

Images show smouldering stretches of neighbourhood, smoking rubble and a grey landscape. Among the other areas affected are the coastal cities of Kihei and Kula, a picturesque, rustic area on the mountain slopes at the centre of the island. Parts of another island, called Hawai’i or the Big Island, have also been burnt by the fire.

Man-made and natural causes

The exact cause of the fire is still not certain. Data from 2000-2017 from US Forest Service, among others, shows that 85 percent of wildfires in the US are caused by humans and involve campfires, garbage burning, malfunctioning equipment and burning cigarettes, among others. Natural causes of fire include volcanic activity and lightning strikes. Maui is home to one of the six active volcanoes of Hawaii. What experts are nothing is that most of Maui was experiencing severe drought, so the dry land, with dry non-native grasses and vegetation, were ready fuel for fires. These fed the fires and helped them spread.

The winds of Hurricane Dora

Experts feel that the fire in Hawaii started in the wild and was carried by the wind that was blowing at almost 100 kmph. The winds have their origins in Hurricane Dora, an unusually strong storm in the Pacific Ocean. Hundreds of miles away from Hawaii, Hurricane Dora did not hit Hawaii. Instead, the islands were caught between high and low pressure zones due to the hurricane, which resulted in the winds fanning the flames and making these difficult to control.

When the fire reached Lahaina in the darkness, the residents were unprepared. The flames ate through wooden monuments and other landmarks with such speed that people ran out of their homes but found the roads ablaze and strewn with debris. Many jumped into the ocean.

The role of fossil fuel

Hawaii, according to government data, has lost 1.5 million acres of native forest, which were natural water and climate regulators. “Without them, we are seeing disruptions in weather and temperature patterns. In other words, climate change and forest loss are working together to make Hawai‘i drier and hotter,” says an official statement. Maui, for instance, had suffered fires in 2018 and 2021, which caused massive destruction.

Climate Scientist Prof. Katharine Hayhoe tweeted on August 10, “Amid the devastating Maui fires, I see many arguing, ‘it’s weather, arson –anything but climate change’. Let’s set the record straight. Climate change doesn’t usually start the fires; but it intensifies them, increasing the area they burn + making them much more dangerous’.

Also Read

Climate change is altering the colour of the oceans: What a new study says

AI and the environment: What are the pitfalls?

Floods in China and Slovenia: Can extreme flooding be prevented?

What's behind the flooding in Punjab and what are the possible solutions?

One of the big reasons of climate change is the burning of fossil fuel which release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, causing global warming. Unprecedented climate events are increasing around the world. According to the United Nations, there will be an increase of extreme fires globally by up to 14 per cent by 2030, 30 per cent by the end of 2050 and 50 per cent by the end of the century.